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AISI 4140 steel is a low alloy steel containing chromium, molybdenum, and manganese. It is widely used across numerous industries and is an excellent material choice due to its toughness, high fatigue strength, and abrasion and impact resistance. Not many grades can match the versatility and usefulness of 4140.
Oil-hardening chromium-molybdenum steel has good strength and wear resistance, excellent toughness and ductility with the ability to resist stress and creep at prolonged high temperatures (up to 1000)Also available in leaded grades that have greatly improved machinability, but should not be used in applications over elevated temperatures cause lower ductility in leaded grades.
Typical Applications: Drill collars, high temperature bolts, sprockets, kelly bars, reamer bodies, rotary table shafting, oil well tool joints, spindles, stay bolts, tractor axles, tractor arms, axle shafts, valves, bolts, subs, couplings, trailer axles, winch shafts, piston rods, rams, hydraulic machinery shafts, precision lead screws, chain links, zinc die-casting dies.
Available Products: Round Bar, Rectangular Bar, Square Bar, Round Tube and Plate
Typical Chemical Analysis:
* C – .38/.43 Max. *Mn – .75/1.00 *P – .035 Max.
*S – .04 Max. *Si – .15/.35 *Cr – .80/1.10 *Mo – .15/.25
Typical Mechanical Properties**
When discussing AISI 4140, it is important to understand what the grade number means:
| Number | Meaning |
| 4 | Designates that 4140 steel is molybdenum steel, indicating that it possesses higher amounts of molybdenum than other steels, such as the 1xxx series. |
| 1 | Designates that 4140 steel has additions of chromium as well; more so than 46xx steel for example. |
| 40 | Used to differentiate 4140 Steel from other steels in the 41xx series. |
AISI 4140 is made by placing iron, carbon, and other alloying elements into an electric furnace or oxygen furnace. The major alloying elements added to AISI 4140 are:
Chromium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Once the iron, carbon, and other alloying elements have been mixed together in liquid form, it is allowed to cool. The steel may then be annealed; possibly several times.
After the annealing is complete, the steel is heated to a molten phase again so that it can be poured into the desired form and can either be hot worked or cold worked through rollers or other tools to reach the desired thickness. Of course, there are other special operations that can be added to this to reduce mill scale or improve mechanical properties.
AISI 4140 is a low alloy steel. Low alloy steels rely on elements other than just iron and carbon to enhance their mechanical properties. In AISI 4140, additions of chromium, molybdenum, and manganese are used to increase the strength and hardenability of the steel. The additions of chromium and molybdenum are why AISI 4140 is considered a “chromoly” steel.
There are several important mechanical properties of AISI 4140, including:
Tensile Strength: AISI 4140 steel typically has a target ultimate tensile strength of around 95,000 psi.
Toughness
Ductility
Hardenability
The table below highlights the chemical composition of AISI 4140:
| C | Cr | Mn | Si | Mo | S | P | Fe |
| 0.38-.43% | 0.80-1.10% | 0.75-1.0% | 0.15-0.30% | 0.15-0.25% | 0.040% max | 0.035% max | Balance |
The addition of chromium and molybdenum promotes corrosion resistance. The molybdenum can be particularly useful when trying to resist corrosion due to chlorides. The manganese in AISI 4140 is used to increase hardenability and as a deoxidizer. In alloy steels, manganese can also combine with sulfur to improve machinability and make the carburizing process more effective.